Three Fundamental Questions of Economics

The three fundamental questions of economics are:

1.What to produce?
  • Consumer goods- Consumer goods are products used by consumers to satisfy wants and needs
  • Capital goods- capital goods are used to produce other products
  • Services- intangible, satisfy wants.
2. How to produce?
Depends on:Availability of resources, cost of resources,opportunity cost,goods and services people want, productivity and efficiency.
  • land- natural resources used in production(renewable and non-renewable)
  • labor- human physical and mental effort that is used to produce goods and services.(manual/mechanized)
  • capital-produced means of production(human capital( work experience, education, on the job training), real capital(capital goods-machines, tractors) and intellectual capital( patents/copyrights))
  • enterprise- ability to take factors of production to make product people want
  • depends on the opportunity cost of labor and capital, and the productivity of land and labor
3. For whom?
  • cooperation- everyone decides what work needs to be done, how the work is done and who gets what share of the products.
  • custom- tradition dictates what work you do and what share of products you get.
  • command- the person in power decides what work you do and what share of the products you get
  • competition- supply and demand determines who does what and who gets what. (laissez-faire)

Dr. Stephanie Powers, "Macro Economics", (lecture, Donald School of Business, Red Deer AB, Winter 2012)